Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable zoKhuseleko lweNdalo

Ngophuhliso loqoqosho kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu, imfuno yeemveliso zeplastiki isanda imihla ngemihla, kwaye "ungcoliseko olumhlophe" oluziswa yiplastiki luya lusiba lukhulu ngakumbi.Ke ngoko, uphando kunye nophuhliso lweeplastiki ezitsha zonakaliseka zibe yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunyanga iingxaki zokusingqongileyo.Iiplastiki zePolymer zinokunciphisa phantsi kweemeko ezininzi, kwaye ukuchithwa kwe-thermal kwenzeka phantsi kwesenzo sokushisa.Ukutshatyalaliswa komatshini kwenzeka phantsi kwesenzo samandla omatshini, ukuchithwa kwe-oxidative phantsi kwesenzo se-oksijeni, kunye nokuchithwa kwe-biochemical phantsi kwesenzo se-agent agents.Iiplastiki ezichithwayo zibhekisela kwiiplastiki ezichithwa ngokulula kwindawo yendalo ngokongeza inani elithile lezongezo (ezifana nesitashi, isitashi esilungisiweyo okanye enye i-cellulose, i-photosensitizers, i-biodegraders, njl.) kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.

Ngokwendlela yokuthotywa kwazo, iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiplastiki ezinokuthotywa, iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji, iiplastiki ezinokonakala ngefoto kunye neeplastiki ezinokonakala ngokwekhemikhali.
Xa amatyathanga eemolekyuli eeplastiki ezinokufota etshatyalaliswa ngeendlela zefotochemical, iplastiki iphulukana namandla ayo omzimba kunye nokufakwa kweembrittlements, emva koko idlule kwindalo.

I-corrosion yomda iba ngumgubo, ongena emhlabeni kwaye uphinde ungene kumjikelezo webhayoloji phantsi kwesenzo se-microorganisms.
Iiplastikhi zeBiodegradable zinokwahlulwa zibe ziiplastikhi ezinokonakala ngokupheleleyo kunye neeplastikhi ezinokonakala ngokwezinto zazo zokuthotywa kunye nemo yokutshatyalaliswa.Okwangoku, iiplastiki zesitatshi kunye neeplastiki zepolyester zezona zifundiswa kwaye zisetyenziswa.

Iplastiki yesitatshi inomtsalane ngakumbi ngenxa yezixhobo zayo ezilula zokulungisa kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Iiplastiki ze-Synthetic macromolecules ezinokubola zibhekiselele kwiiplastiki ezinokubola ezidityaniswe ngeendlela zeekhemikhali.Inokwenziwa ngokufunda isakhiwo esifana neso seplastiki yendalo yepolymer enokubola okanye iiplastiki ezinamaqela asebenzayo okonakala.

Iiplastiki ezingonakaliswayo zeBiodestructive, ezikwaziwa ngokuba ziiplastiki ezidilikayo, ziyinkqubo edityanisiweyo yeepholima ezibolisiweyo kunye neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nesitatshi kunye nepololefin.Zidityaniswe kunye ngendlela ethile, kwaye ukuthotywa kwimeko yendalo akuphelelanga, kwaye kunokubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini.Kwiipolymers ezinokonakala ngebhayoloji, ukongezwa kweefotosensitizer kunokwenza iipolymers zombini zifote kwaye zibole.

I-Photobiodegradable polymer materials phantsi kweemeko ezithile zinokwenza ukuba izinga lokuthotywa lilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo, njenge-starch eyongeziweyo ye-polymer material e-photodegradable PE emva kokuthotywa, yenza i-PE ibe ne-porous, indawo ethile yomhlaba yanda kakhulu, kunye ne-oksijini, ukukhanya, ukudibana kwamanzi okunokwenzeka kwanda kakhulu, izinga lokuthotywa kwe-PE. yanda kakhulu.

Xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ezikwazi ukuthotywa, iiplastiki ezingonakaliswa ngebhayoloji ziye zaba ngundaba-mlonyeni ekuphuhlisweni kweeplastiki ezinokubola.Ngenxa yokuba iiplastiki ze-biodegradable azikho nzima kakhulu kwindalo, kwaye kulula ukuthobisa ngokupheleleyo iimolekyuli ezincinci phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.Ineenzuzo zomgangatho omncinci, ukusetyenzwa lula, amandla aphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Iiplastiki ze-Biodegradable zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.EUnited States ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweengxowa zenkunkuma ezibolayo, iingxowa zokuthenga;ENtshona Yurophu, iiplastiki ezinokubola zisetyenziswa kwiibhotile zeshampu, iingxowa zenkunkuma kunye neengxowa zokuthenga ezisetyenziswa kanye.Iiplastiki zeBiodegradable zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

(1) Izinto zokupakisha

(2) I-mulch yezolimo

(3) Iimfuno zemihla ngemihla

(4) Izinto zonyango ezilahlwayo

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(6) Iintsinga ze-textile

(7) Ukulawula isanti etyheli kunye nocwangciso lwedolophu.

Xa iiplastikhi ze-biodegradable zisetyenziswa kwi-bioengineering kunye nezixhobo zepolymer ezonakaliswa zonyango, iimpawu zazo zokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziphilayo azinakuthelekiswa nezo zeplastiki ezinokuthatha umfanekiso wengcambu.Izinto ezithotyiweyo ze-molecular low zingangena ngokuthe ngqo kwi-metabolism yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye zibe noluhlu olubanzi lwamathemba esicelo kwinkcubeko yezicubu, ukukhutshwa kwezidakamizwa ezilawulwayo, kunye nezixhobo zokufakelwa kwangaphakathi.